Search engine optimization (SEO) is all about getting as much relevant visitors on your site as possible. 80% of new visitors on a web site come from search engines. Knowing this, you can imagine the importance of being listed in them.
Search engines (SE) let you enter a search string into a text box and use that to query their database with web site content. So it's only the textual content of the site that will be queried and indexed. Images, Flash objects, Video and such will not be indexed.
The string entered into the SE is of course relevent to the result of the query. Very complex string matching algorithms are used to define a list of web sites that contain that string. Knowing as much as possible about this matching algorithm alows the webmaster to adjust the textual content of the site, so that his site get as high a ranking as possible for a particualr string. The string entered in the SE is called a keyword if it's only one word or key phrase if it are multiple words. You can imagine that getting the must used key phrase is crucial to the success of SEO. Getting a list of key phrases can take a full day or more.
Using the key phrases at specific places and specific amounts in the site is how SEO is implementd. You don't always see that a site has been optimized for search engine ranking. It it's best, you can't see it.
If you want to know more about getting high rankings in search engines and thus a high number of relevant visitors, contact me.